Vitex agnus-castus, also known as chasteberry, is a popular herbal supplement used to treat a variety of health problems, particularly those affecting the female reproductive system [1]. Historically, monks used vitex to reduce libido [2], but today it is more commonly used to relieve the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) [1]. Vitex may also offer benefits for other conditions, such as menopause symptoms, infertility, and acne [1].

How Vitex Works for PMS

Vitex is believed to work by decreasing levels of the hormone prolactin[1]. Prolactin is involved in the menstrual cycle and can affect levels of other hormones, including estrogen and progesterone. By reducing prolactin, vitex may help rebalance these hormones and alleviate PMS symptoms [1].

Vitex may also have other effects that could contribute to its benefits for PMS[4]:

• Dopaminergic activity: Vitex has been shown to bind to dopamine receptors in the brain [3]. This may explain why it can help with mood-related PMS symptoms like irritability and depression.
• Anti-inflammatory effects: Some studies suggest that vitex may have anti-inflammatory properties, which could help reduce pain and discomfort associated with PMS [1].
• Diterpenes and flavonoids: Recent evidence suggests that part of vitex's activity is found in the diterpenes and the flavonoid casticin [4]. Diterpenes are highly lipophilic and may easily pass the blood-brain barrier, potentially explaining vitex's effect on mood and behavior.

Effectiveness of Vitex for PMS

Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of vitex for PMS, with mixed results. It's important to note that there is wide diversity in the scales used for assessing entry eligibility and treatment outcomes in PMS clinical trials, which can make it challenging to compare results across different studies[5].

Here are some key findings from the research:

• Studies with control groups: Two smaller studies that included a control group found that women taking vitex were twice as likely to report a decrease in symptoms like irritability, mood swings, headaches, and breast fullness compared to those taking a placebo [1].
• Studies without control groups: In one study, 93% of women with PMS who took vitex for three consecutive menstrual cycles reported a decrease in symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and cravings [1]. However, this study did not include a control group, so it's difficult to say for sure whether vitex was responsible for the improvements.
• Cyclic mastalgia: Vitex may be particularly helpful for reducing cyclic mastalgia, a type of breast pain linked to menstruation [1]. Studies suggest that it may be as effective as common drug treatment — but with far fewer side effects [1].
• Dosage: A study investigating the clinical effects of three different doses of the Vitex agnus-castus extract Ze 440 (8 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg) found that the 20 mg dose was the most effective in relieving PMS symptoms [6].
• Overall effectiveness: Some reviews have suggested that the benefits of vitex for PMS may be overestimated [1]. This highlights the need for more high-quality research in this area.

Reviews and Testimonials

While scientific evidence on vitex for PMS is mixed, many women have reported positive experiences with the supplement. For example, one woman shared that vitex helped with her low mood days and made her more present for her family[7]. Another woman with irregular cycles reported that vitex helped regulate her cycle and reduce painful cramps [7].

It's important to note that individual experiences with vitex can vary. What works for one woman may not work for another.

Dosage and Usage

The recommended dosage of vitex for PMS varies depending on the form and concentration of the supplement. Some common recommendations include:

• Liquid extract: 40 drops per day [8]
• Dried fruit extract: 35–40 mg per day [8]

It's generally recommended to take vitex once daily in the morning with some liquid [8]. The effectiveness of vitex may be dose-dependent, so it's important to follow recommended dosage guidelines [3]. Vitex may take several months to reach its full effectiveness, so patience and consistency are key [8].

Side Effects and Interactions

Vitex is generally considered safe for most people when taken appropriately[10]. Some potential side effects include:

• Nausea
• Upset stomach
• Mild skin rash
• Increased acne
• Headache
• Changes in menstrual flow [1]

Vitex may interact with certain medications, including:

• Birth control pills
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Antipsychotic medications
• Medications for Parkinson's disease [1]

Vitex may also alter hormone levels and could interfere with the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and infertility treatment [5]. It's important to talk to your doctor before taking vitex if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have any underlying health conditions [3].

Other Natural Remedies for PMS

In addition to vitex, several other natural remedies may help relieve PMS symptoms. These include:

Conventional Treatments for PMS

Conventional treatments for PMS include:

• Antidepressants: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often prescribed to help with mood-related PMS symptoms [11].
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs like ibuprofen can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with PMS [11].
• Diuretics: Diuretics can help reduce bloating and water retention [11].
• Hormonal contraceptives: Birth control pills can help regulate hormones and reduce PMS symptoms [11].

Conclusion

Vitex agnus-castus is a natural remedy that may be helpful for some women with PMS. While research on its effectiveness has shown mixed results, many women have reported positive experiences with this supplement. Vitex is believed to work by decreasing prolactin levels and may have dopaminergic and anti-inflammatory effects. It may be particularly helpful for cyclic mastalgia.

The recommended dosage of vitex for PMS is typically 40 drops per day of liquid extract or 35–40 mg per day of dried fruit extract. It may take several months to see the full effects of vitex.

Vitex is generally considered safe, but potential side effects include nausea, upset stomach, and skin rash. It may also interact with certain medications, such as birth control pills and antipsychotic medications.

If you're considering trying vitex for PMS, it's important to talk to your doctor first, especially if you are taking any other medications or have any underlying health conditions. You may also want to consider other natural remedies for PMS, such as dietary changes, exercise, and stress management techniques.