Frankincense essential oil, a fragrant resin derived from the trees of the Boswellia genus, has a long and storied history, dating back to ancient civilizations like the Egyptians who incorporated it into their skincare regimens [1]. Revered not only for its aromatic properties that were once believed to bridge the earthly realm with the divine, frankincense has garnered increasing attention in the natural beauty and modern skincare industries for its potential health benefits [1]. This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the dermatological benefits of frankincense essential oil, drawing upon available research to explore its general applications, its specific effects on various skin concerns, recommended usage methods, and associated precautions.

General Skin Benefits of Frankincense Essential Oil

Traditional use and anecdotal evidence suggest that frankincense essential oil possesses several properties that contribute to overall skin health. It has been noted for its ability to tone and rejuvenate the complexion, particularly benefiting mature skin [1]. The oil is also thought to aid in the repair of skin damage [1]. Beyond these general benefits, frankincense essential oil is reported to moisturize and hydrate the skin, thereby promoting its health and wellness [3]. Its properties are believed to enhance the skin's healthy appearance, contributing to a radiant and youthful glow that many seek [3]. Furthermore, frankincense essential oil is described as having both soothing and cleansing effects on the skin [5]. These wide-ranging benefits are attributed to several key properties inherent in the oil, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions [3]. Additionally, frankincense oil exhibits astringent qualities that can help to tighten and tone the skin [1]. Its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties further contribute to its potential in maintaining skin health by combating harmful microorganisms [1]. The convergence of these properties suggests that frankincense essential oil may offer a multifaceted approach to improving and maintaining skin health.

Frankincense Essential Oil for Anti-Aging

One of the most sought-after benefits of frankincense essential oil is its potential to mitigate the signs of aging. It has been shown to minimize the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines [1]. This rejuvenating effect is particularly noted for mature skin, where it can help to revitalize the complexion [1]. Research indicates that frankincense essential oil may serve as a promising anti-aging therapy, specifically for tightening mature skin and reducing the visibility of fine lines [9]. Regular application of the oil is thought to help reduce various signs of aging, including wrinkles and fine lines [10]. Furthermore, frankincense oil may also play a role in reducing the appearance of sunspots, which are a common indicator of photoaging [13]. Several mechanisms are proposed to explain these anti-aging effects. Frankincense oil is believed to stimulate the production of collagen, a protein essential for maintaining the skin's elasticity and smoothness [10]. Its antioxidant activity helps to combat oxidative stress caused by factors like UV radiation, which can lead to premature aging [3]. The oil is also known for its ability to improve skin elasticity and firmness, contributing to a more youthful appearance [1]. Additionally, frankincense essential oil is thought to promote cell regeneration, aiding in the replacement of old or damaged skin cells with new, healthy ones [2]. The astringent properties of frankincense oil also contribute to improving skin elasticity by tightening and toning the skin [3]. The prevalence of frankincense essential oil in various commercial anti-aging products, such as creams and serums, further underscores the perceived potential of this oil in addressing the signs of skin aging [1].

Frankincense Essential Oil in the Treatment of Acne and Blemishes

Frankincense essential oil has been investigated for its effectiveness in treating acne and blemishes. It is considered beneficial in healing wounds and treating scars and blemishes [1]. The oil is reported to reduce the occurrence of blemishes and may be particularly helpful for acne-prone skin due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties [3]. By applying frankincense oil to the skin, it can help to keep acne-causing bacteria at bay, potentially preventing breakouts and skin irritation, which leads to a clearer and more radiant complexion [9]. The oil's ability to regulate the overproduction of sebum helps to prevent clogged pores and the formation of spots [3]. Its anti-inflammatory properties can calm the inflammation associated with acne, aiding in the management of acne-prone skin [3]. Furthermore, frankincense essential oil possesses antibacterial properties that can directly target and kill the bacteria responsible for acne [3]. The antiseptic properties of the oil also contribute to preventing the onset and severity of skin infections related to acne [3]. Frankincense oil is described as a cleansing agent for acne that also helps to soothe redness [22]. It is reported to help treat acne and pimples while reducing the associated redness [23]. These benefits are primarily attributed to the oil's antibacterial and antifungal properties, which are crucial for combating the microbial aspects of acne [9]. The anti-inflammatory properties of frankincense oil also play a significant role in reducing the redness and swelling characteristic of acne lesions [3]. Additionally, the astringent properties of the oil help to regulate sebum production, thereby preventing the clogging of pores that can lead to breakouts [2]. While these findings suggest potential benefits, it is important to note that more research is needed to definitively confirm the effectiveness of frankincense essential oil in treating acne [2].

Healing Scars and Improving Skin Elasticity with Frankincense Oil

Frankincense essential oil has been recognized for its potential in healing scars and improving skin elasticity. It is considered incredibly beneficial in the treatment of scars [1]. Numerous sources indicate that frankincense oil can reduce the appearance of scars, including those from acne and surgery, as well as stretch marks [1]. Furthermore, frankincense essential oil is known to improve skin elasticity, contributing to a smoother and more youthful complexion [1]. One of the key mechanisms behind these benefits is the potential of frankincense oil to promote collagen production, which is vital for maintaining skin elasticity and aiding in scar repair [9]. The oil contains compounds that can enhance skin elasticity by tightening and toning the skin [3]. This tightening effect, attributed to its astringent properties, can help to improve the appearance of scars and overall skin firmness. Additionally, frankincense oil promotes cell regeneration and aids in the repair of skin, which is crucial for healing damaged tissue in scars and for maintaining the skin's elasticity [2].

Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Skin Conditions

A significant benefit of frankincense essential oil is its pronounced anti-inflammatory properties [1]. This action is largely attributed to boswellic acid, a key component of frankincense [1]. The anti-inflammatory properties make frankincense oil beneficial for soothing redness and irritation of the skin [3]. Consequently, it may be helpful in managing inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, and eczema [1]. Frankincense oil may also reduce general skin redness and sensitivity [5]. Research suggests that the pentacyclic triterpene structure of frankincense oil contributes to its soothing effects on irritated skin [8]. While some sources suggest potential benefits for rosacea [1], others advise caution regarding the use of essential oils for this condition [71]. Similarly, for eczema, while anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties are noted as potentially beneficial [1], caution is advised due to the potential for irritation [58].

Methods of Application for Skin

Frankincense essential oil can be incorporated into skincare routines in various ways. It is found in numerous skincare preparations, including face oils, serums, creams, and masks [3]. While some suggest it can be applied directly to nourish and calm the skin [73], it is generally recommended to mix it with a carrier oil such as coconut oil or jojoba oil before topical application [8]. This dilution is crucial for safety and to prevent skin irritation. Frankincense oil can also be added to existing moisturizers, lotions, or creams to enhance their benefits [1]. Its use in massage oils is popular for both relaxation and its potential skin benefits [1]. Adding a few drops to a warm bath can also be a soothing way to enjoy the aromatic and skin-enhancing properties of frankincense oil [6]. Roll-on products containing frankincense oil diluted in a carrier oil offer a convenient method for targeted application to areas needing extra care, such as under the eyes or on scars [4]. Many individuals also create their own DIY serums and facial oils using frankincense essential oil combined with various carrier oils and other beneficial essential oils [7]. Additionally, frankincense oil can be incorporated into clay masks for a boost in cleansing and anti-aging effects [12], and it can be used as a spot treatment for blemishes when diluted properly [12].

Scientific Studies and Research Supporting Skin Benefits

Several scientific studies and research articles support the claimed benefits of frankincense essential oil for the skin. A study in 2003 suggested that frankincense oil may help reduce or prevent the appearance of sunspots [13]. Research indicates that frankincense oil has the potential to promote collagen production, which is crucial for skin elasticity and reducing wrinkles [2]. One study on human dermal fibroblasts found that frankincense oil's effects may help reduce inflammation and prevent the formation of scar tissue [9]. A review published in the Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine noted that frankincense oil can reduce redness and skin irritation, while also contributing to a more even skin tone [8]. Studies suggest that the pentacyclic triterpene structure of the oil is responsible for its soothing effects on irritated skin [8]. A 2023 in-vivo study on rats demonstrated the anti-photoaging effects of frankincense essential oil, showing promising results in restoring antioxidant capacity and inhibiting inflammatory markers [15]. Another study in 2017 evaluated the biological activities of frankincense essential oil on pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts, revealing significant antiproliferative activity and suppression of inflammatory biomarkers [41]. A case report documented the successful management of basal cell carcinoma of the skin using topical frankincense essential oil [96]. Furthermore, a 2023 study on wound healing in rats indicated that frankincense oil promoted wound contraction, improved skin regeneration, and increased collagen synthesis [45].

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

While frankincense essential oil offers numerous potential benefits for the skin, it is important to be aware of potential side effects and to take necessary precautions. The oil should always be diluted with a carrier oil before being applied to the skin to minimize the risk of irritation [1]. There is a potential for skin irritation or allergic reactions in some individuals [2]. The strong scent of frankincense oil may also be overwhelming for some people [97]. Additionally, there is a possibility of photosensitivity, meaning the skin may become more sensitive to sunlight after application [24]. It is important to note that frankincense oil may not be an effective treatment for all types of acne [97]. For significant skin problems or conditions, consulting a dermatologist is always recommended [2]. Pregnant and nursing women should exercise caution and consult with a healthcare specialist before using frankincense essential oil [9], as there are concerns about potential interactions and effects during these periods. Frankincense oil may also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners or diabetes medications [9], so individuals taking these should seek medical advice before use. To minimize the risk of adverse reactions, it is crucial to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before applying frankincense oil more widely [2].

Conclusion

In conclusion, frankincense essential oil exhibits a range of potential benefits for skin health, supported by both traditional use and emerging scientific research. Its properties suggest efficacy in reducing signs of aging such as wrinkles and sunspots, in treating acne and blemishes through antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions, in promoting the healing of scars and improving skin elasticity, and in soothing various inflammatory skin conditions. While these findings are promising, it is essential to approach the use of frankincense essential oil with caution. Proper dilution with a carrier oil is paramount to prevent skin irritation or allergic reactions. Individuals with pre-existing skin conditions, allergies, or those who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating frankincense essential oil into their skincare routine. Patch testing is a recommended step to assess individual skin sensitivity. While scientific studies provide a foundation for some of the claimed benefits, further research, particularly involving human subjects, is needed to fully validate its dermatological applications. Frankincense essential oil can be a valuable addition to a natural skincare approach when used responsibly and with an understanding of its potential benefits and limitations, but it should not be considered a replacement for conventional medical treatments for diagnosed skin conditions.